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|linking_name=the Commonwealth of Independent States |image_flag = Flag of the CIS.svg |image_symbol = Emblem of CIS.svg |symbol_type = Emblem |image_map = CIS (orthographic projection).svg |map_width = 220px |map_caption = |admin_center = Minsk |largest_city = Moscow |languages_type = Working language |languages = Russian |org_type = Regional organisation |leader_title1 = Executive Secretary |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = Presidency |leader_name2 = |membership = |established = 8 December 1991 |established_event1 = Collective Security Treaty Organisation |established_date1 = 15 May 1992 |established_event2 = Free trade agreement signed |established_date2 = 1994 |established_event3 = CIS Free Trade Area established |established_date3 = 18 October 2011〔(CIS leaders sign free trade deal ), 2011-10-18. Retrieved 21 June 2015.〕 |area_km2 = 22100843 |population_estimate = 276,917,629 |population_density_km2 = 12.53 |population_estimate_year = 2008 |GDP_PPP = $2,906.944 billion |GDP_PPP_year = 2007 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $10,498 |GDP_nominal = $2,808.844 billion |GDP_nominal_year = 2013 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $10,113 |currency = |utc_offset = +2 to +12 |official_website = http://www.cis.minsk.by/ }} The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS; ; also called the Russian Commonwealth) is a regional organisation formed during the breakup of the Soviet Union, whose participating countries are some former Soviet Republics. The CIS is a loose association of states. Although the CIS has few supranational powers, it is aimed at being more than a purely symbolic organisation, nominally possessing coordinating powers in the realm of trade, finance, lawmaking, and security. It has also promoted cooperation on cross-border crime prevention. Furthermore, eight of the nine CIS member states participate in the CIS Free Trade Area, and five of these form the Eurasian Economic Union, a customs union and common market of over 180 million people. In addition, six member states participate in a mutual defence alliance: the Collective Security Treaty Organization. == History == The organization was founded on 8 December 1991 by the Republic of Belarus, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine, when the leaders of the three countries met in the Belovezhskaya Pushcha Natural Reserve, about north of Brest in Belarus and signed the "Agreement Establishing the Commonwealth of Independent States", known as the ''Creation Agreement'' ((ロシア語:Соглашение), ''Soglasheniye''), on the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the creation of CIS as a successor entity to it.〔(Agreement on the Establishment of the CIS ): 3 founding countries, 8 December 1991 (unofficial English translation). Russian text here ()〕 At the same time they announced that the new alliance would be open to all republics of the former Soviet Union, and to other nations sharing the same goals. The CIS charter stated that all the members were sovereign and independent nations and thereby effectively abolished the Soviet Union. On 21 December 1991, the leaders of eight additional former Soviet Republics – Armenia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan – signed the Alma-Ata Protocol expanding the CIS to these states, thus bringing the number of participating countries to 11.〔(Alma-Ata Declaration ): 11 countries accede to the CIS, 21 December 1991 (English translation). Russian text here ()〕 Georgia and Ukraine joined two years later, in December 1993.〔 At this point, 12 former Soviet Republics (all except the Baltic States, which joined the European Union in 2004) participated in the CIS. Between 2003 and 2005, three CIS member states experienced a change of government in a series of colour revolutions: Eduard Shevardnadze was overthrown in Georgia; Viktor Yushchenko was elected in Ukraine; and Askar Akayev was toppled in Kyrgyzstan. In February 2006, Georgia withdrew from the Council of Defense Ministers, with the statement that "Georgia has taken a course to join NATO and it cannot be part of two military structures simultaneously", but it remained a full member of the CIS until August 2009, one year after officially withdrawing in the immediate aftermath of the Russo-Georgian War. In March 2007, Igor Ivanov, the secretary of the Russian Security Council, expressed his doubts concerning the usefulness of the CIS, emphasising that the Eurasian Economic Community was becoming a more competent organisation to unify the largest countries of the CIS.〔(Russia questions further existence of the CIS post-soviet organisation ) ''InfoNIAC''〕 Following the withdrawal of Georgia, the presidents of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, and Turkmenistan skipped the October 2009 meeting of the CIS, each having their own issues and disagreements with the Russian Federation. In May 2009, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Moldova, and Ukraine joined the Eastern Partnership, a project which was initiated by the European Union (EU). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Commonwealth of Independent States」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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